1. Find duplicate
records in a table (Amazon)
SELECT column1, column2, COUNT(*)
FROM your_table
GROUP BY column1, column2
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
2. Retrieve the
second highest salary from Employee table ()
SELECT MAX(salary) AS SecondHighestSalary
FROM Employee
WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM Employee);
3. Find employees
without department (Uber)
SELECT e.*
FROM Employee e
LEFT JOIN Department d ON e.department_id = d.department_id
WHERE d.department_id IS NULL;
4. Calculate the total revenue per product (PayPal)
SELECT product_id, SUM(quantity * price) AS total_revenue FROM
Sales
GROUP BY product_id;
5. Get the top 3 highest-paid employees (Google)
SELECT TOP 3 * FROM Employee
ORDER BY salary DESC;
6. Customers who made
purchases but never returned products (Walmart)
SELECT DISTINCT c.customer_id
FROM Customers c
JOIN Orders o ON c.customer_id = o.customer_id
WHERE c.customer_id NOT IN (SELECT customer_id FROM
Returns);
7. Show the count of
orders per customer (Meta)
SELECT customer_id, COUNT(*) AS
rder_count
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id;
8. Retrieve all employees who joined in 2023 (Amazon)
SELECT * FROM Employee
WHERE YEAR(hire_date) = 2023;
9. Calculate average order value per customer (Microsoft)
SELECT customer_id, AVG(total_amount) AS avg_order_value
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id;
10. Get the latest order placed by each customer (Uber)
SELECT customer_id, MAX(order_date) AS latest_order_date FROM
Orders
GROUP BY customer_id;
11. Find products that were never sold ()
SELECT p.product_id FROM Products p
LEFT JOIN Sales s ON p.product_id = s.product_id
WHERE s.product_id IS NULL;
12. Identify the most selling product (Adobe/Walmart)
SELECT TOP 1 product_id, SUM(quantity) AS total_qty
FROM Sales
GROUP BY product_id
ORDER BY total_qty DESC;
13. Get total revenue and number of orders per region (Meta)
SELECT region, SUM(total_amount) AS total_revenue, COUNT(*)
AS order_count
FROM Orders
GROUP BY region;
14. Count customers with more than 5 orders (Amazon)
SELECT COUNT(*) AS customer_count
FROM (
SELECT customer_id
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id
HAVING COUNT(*) >
5
) AS subquery;
15. Retrieve customers with orders above average order value
(PayPal)
SELECT *
FROM Orders
WHERE total_amount > (SELECT AVG(total_amount) FROM
Orders);
16. Find all employees hired on weekends (Google)
SELECT *
FROM Employee
WHERE DATENAME(WEEKDAY, hire_date) IN ('Saturday',
'Sunday');
17. Find all employees with salary between 50000 and 100000
(Microsoft)
SELECT *
FROM Employee
WHERE salary BETWEEN 50000 AND 100000;
18. Get monthly sales revenue and order count (Google)
SELECT FORMAT(date, 'yyyy-MM') AS month,
SUM(amount) AS
total_revenue,
COUNT(order_id) AS
order_count
FROM Orders
GROUP BY FORMAT(date, 'yyyy-MM');
19. Rank employees by salary within each department (Amazon)
SELECT employee_id, department_id, salary,
RANK() OVER
(PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary DESC) AS salary_rk
FROM Employee;
20. Find customers who placed orders every month in 2023
(Meta)
SELECT customer_id
FROM Orders
WHERE YEAR(order_date) = 2023
GROUP BY customer_id
HAVING COUNT(DISTINCT FORMAT(order_date, 'yyyy-MM')) = 12;
21. Find moving average of sales over the last 3 days
(Microsoft)
SELECT order_date,
AVG(total_amount)
OVER (ORDER BY order_date ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW)
FROM Orders;
22. Identify the first and last order date for each customer
(Uber)
SELECT customer_id, MIN(order_date) AS first_order, MAX(order_date)
AS last_order
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id;
23. Show product sales distribution (percent of total
revenue) (PayPal)
WITH TotalRevenue AS (
SELECT SUM(quantity *
price) AS total FROM Sales
)
SELECT s.product_id,
SUM(s.quantity *
s.price) AS revenue,
SUM(s.quantity *
s.price) * 100 / t.total AS revenue_pct
FROM Sales s
CROSS JOIN TotalRevenue t
GROUP BY s.product_id, t.total;
24. Retrieve customers who made consecutive purchases (2
Days) (Walmart)
WITH cte AS (
SELECT id,
order_date,
LAG(order_date) OVER
(PARTITION BY id ORDER BY order_date) AS prev_order_date
FROM Orders
)
SELECT id, order_date, prev_order_date
FROM cte
WHERE DATEDIFF(DAY, prev_order_date, order_date) = 1;
25. Find churned customers (no orders in the last 6 months)
(Amazon)
SELECT customer_id
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id
HAVING MAX(order_date) < DATEADD(MONTH, -6, GETDATE());
26. Calculate cumulative revenue by day (Adobe)
SELECT order_date,
SUM(total_amount)
OVER (ORDER BY order_date) AS cumulative_revenue
FROM Orders;
27. Identify top-performing departments by average salary
(Google)
SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM Employee
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY avg_salary DESC;
28. Find customers who ordered more than the average number
of orders per
customer (Meta)
WITH customer_orders AS (
SELECT customer_id,
COUNT(*) AS order_count
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id
)
SELECT * FROM customer_orders
WHERE order_count > (SELECT AVG(order_count) FROM
customer_orders);
29. Calculate revenue generated from new customers
(first-time orders) (Microsoft)
WITH first_orders AS (
SELECT customer_id,
MIN(order_date) AS first_order_date
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id
)
SELECT SUM(o.total_amount) AS new_revenue
FROM Orders o
JOIN first_orders f ON o.customer_id = f.customer_id
WHERE o.order_date = f.first_order_date;
30. Find the percentage of employees in each department
(Uber)
SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) AS emp_count,
COUNT(*) * 100.0 /
(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Employee) AS pct
FROM Employee
GROUP BY department_id;
31. Retrieve the maximum salary difference within each
department (PayPal)
SELECT department_id,
MAX(salary) -
MIN(salary) AS salary_diff
FROM Employee
GROUP BY department_id;
32. Find products that contribute to 80% of the revenue
(Pareto Principle)
(Walmart)
WITH sales_cte AS (
SELECT product_id,
SUM(qty * price) AS revenue
FROM Sales
GROUP BY product_id
),
total_revenue AS (
SELECT SUM(revenue)
AS total FROM sales_cte
)
SELECT s.product_id, s.revenue,
SUM(s.revenue) OVER
(ORDER BY s.revenue DESC ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURR
FROM sales_cte s, total_revenue t
WHERE SUM(s.revenue) OVER (ORDER BY s.revenue DESC ROWS
BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRE
33. Calculate average time between two purchases for each
customer (Meta)
WITH cte AS (
SELECT customer_id,
order_date,
LAG(order_date) OVER
(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY order_date) AS prev_date
FROM Orders
)
SELECT customer_id,
AVG(DATEDIFF(DAY,
prev_date, order_date)) AS avg_gap_days
FROM cte
WHERE prev_date IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY customer_id;
34. Show last purchase for each customer along with order
amount (Google)
WITH ranked_orders AS (
SELECT customer_id,
order_id, total_amount,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER
(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY order_date DESC) AS rn
FROM Orders
)
SELECT customer_id, order_id, total_amount
FROM ranked_orders
WHERE rn = 1;
35. Calculate year-over-year growth in revenue (Microsoft)
SELECT FORMAT(order_date, 'yyyy') AS year,
SUM(total_amount) AS
revenue,
SUM(total_amount) -
LAG(SUM(total_amount)) OVER (ORDER BY FORMAT(order_date, 'yyyy'))
FROM Orders
GROUP BY FORMAT(order_date, 'yyyy');
36. Detect customers whose purchase amount is higher than
their historical 90th
percentile (Amazon)
WITH ranked_orders AS (
SELECT customer_id,
order_id, total_amount,
NTILE(10) OVER
(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY total_amount) AS decile
FROM Orders
)
SELECT customer_id, order_id, total_amount
FROM ranked_orders
WHERE decile = 10;
37. Retrieve the longest gap between orders for each
customer (Meta)
WITH cte AS (
SELECT customer_id,
order_date,
LAG(order_date) OVER
(PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY order_date) AS prev_order_da
FROM Orders
)
SELECT customer_id,
MAX(DATEDIFF(DAY,
prev_order_date, order_date)) AS max_gap
FROM cte
WHERE prev_order_date IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY customer_id;
38. Identify customers with revenue below the 10th
percentile (Google)
WITH cte AS (
SELECT customer_id,
SUM(total_amount) AS total_revenue
FROM Orders
GROUP BY customer_id
)
SELECT customer_id, total_revenue
FROM cte
WHERE total_revenue < (
SELECT
PERCENTILE_CONT(0.1) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY total_revenue) FROM cte
);
